diff --git a/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/data/heroItemFighter1.csv b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/data/heroItemFighter1.csv
index 3a36120..3677b35 100644
--- a/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/data/heroItemFighter1.csv
+++ b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/data/heroItemFighter1.csv
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 # targetType can be one of: single, none
 
 type,name,shape,costType,costCount,targetType,desc
-string,string,string,string,int,string,string
+string,string,string,'energy'|'uses',int,'single'|'none',string
 weapon,剑,oee,energy,1,single,【攻击2】【攻击2】
 weapon,长斧,oees,energy,2,none,对全体【攻击5】
 weapon,长枪,oeee,energy,1,single,【攻击2】【攻击2】【攻击2】
diff --git a/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/data/heroItemFighter1.csv.d.ts b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/data/heroItemFighter1.csv.d.ts
index bdcce42..35ee97a 100644
--- a/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/data/heroItemFighter1.csv.d.ts
+++ b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/data/heroItemFighter1.csv.d.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ type HeroItemFighter1Table = readonly {
     readonly type: string;
     readonly name: string;
     readonly shape: string;
-    readonly costType: string;
+    readonly costType: "energy" | "uses";
     readonly costCount: number;
-    readonly targetType: string;
+    readonly targetType: "single" | "none";
     readonly desc: string;
 }[];
 
+export type HeroItemFighter1 = HeroItemFighter1Table[number];
+
 declare const data: HeroItemFighter1Table;
 export default data;
diff --git a/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory/index.ts b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..936bd7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+export type { CellCoordinate, GridInventory, InventoryItem, PlacementResult } from './types';
+export {
+    createGridInventory,
+    flipItem,
+    getAdjacentItems,
+    getItemAtCell,
+    getOccupiedCellSet,
+    moveItem,
+    placeItem,
+    removeItem,
+    rotateItem,
+    validatePlacement,
+} from './transform';
diff --git a/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory/transform.ts b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory/transform.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..624c894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory/transform.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+import type { ParsedShape } from '../utils/parse-shape';
+import type { Transform2D } from '../utils/shape-collision';
+import {
+    checkBoardCollision,
+    checkBounds,
+    flipXTransform,
+    flipYTransform,
+    rotateTransform,
+    transformShape,
+} from '../utils/shape-collision';
+import type { GridInventory, InventoryItem, PlacementResult } from './types';
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new empty grid inventory.
+ * Note: When used inside `.produce()`, call this before returning the draft.
+ */
+export function createGridInventory(width: number, height: number): GridInventory {
+    return {
+        width,
+        height,
+        items: new Map<string, InventoryItem>(),
+        occupiedCells: new Set<string>(),
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a Set of occupied cell keys from a shape and transform.
+ */
+function getShapeCellKeys(shape: ParsedShape, transform: Transform2D): Set<string> {
+    const cells = transformShape(shape, transform);
+    return new Set(cells.map(c => `${c.x},${c.y}`));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates whether an item can be placed at the given transform.
+ * Checks bounds and collision with all other items.
+ */
+export function validatePlacement(
+    inventory: GridInventory,
+    shape: InventoryItem['shape'],
+    transform: Transform2D
+): PlacementResult {
+    if (!checkBounds(shape, transform, inventory.width, inventory.height)) {
+        return { valid: false, reason: '超出边界' };
+    }
+
+    if (checkBoardCollision(shape, transform, inventory.occupiedCells)) {
+        return { valid: false, reason: '与已有物品重叠' };
+    }
+
+    return { valid: true };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Places an item onto the grid.
+ * **Mutates directly** — call inside a `.produce()` callback.
+ * Does not validate; call `validatePlacement` first.
+ */
+export function placeItem(inventory: GridInventory, item: InventoryItem): void {
+    const cells = getShapeCellKeys(item.shape, item.transform);
+    for (const cellKey of cells) {
+        inventory.occupiedCells.add(cellKey);
+    }
+    inventory.items.set(item.id, item);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes an item from the grid by its ID.
+ * **Mutates directly** — call inside a `.produce()` callback.
+ */
+export function removeItem(inventory: GridInventory, itemId: string): void {
+    const item = inventory.items.get(itemId);
+    if (!item) return;
+
+    const cells = getShapeCellKeys(item.shape, item.transform);
+    for (const cellKey of cells) {
+        inventory.occupiedCells.delete(cellKey);
+    }
+    inventory.items.delete(itemId);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Moves an item to a new position with a new transform.
+ * **Mutates directly** — call inside a `.produce()` callback.
+ * Validates before applying; returns result indicating success.
+ */
+export function moveItem(
+    inventory: GridInventory,
+    itemId: string,
+    newTransform: Transform2D
+): { success: true } | { success: false; reason: string } {
+    const item = inventory.items.get(itemId);
+    if (!item) {
+        return { success: false, reason: '物品不存在' };
+    }
+
+    // Temporarily remove item's cells for validation
+    const oldCells = getShapeCellKeys(item.shape, item.transform);
+    for (const cellKey of oldCells) {
+        inventory.occupiedCells.delete(cellKey);
+    }
+
+    // Validate new position
+    const validation = validatePlacement(inventory, item.shape, newTransform);
+    if (!validation.valid) {
+        // Restore old cells
+        for (const cellKey of oldCells) {
+            inventory.occupiedCells.add(cellKey);
+        }
+        return { success: false, reason: validation.reason };
+    }
+
+    // Apply new transform
+    item.transform = newTransform;
+
+    // Add new cells
+    const newCells = getShapeCellKeys(item.shape, item.transform);
+    for (const cellKey of newCells) {
+        inventory.occupiedCells.add(cellKey);
+    }
+
+    return { success: true };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rotates an item by the given degrees (typically 90, 180, or 270).
+ * **Mutates directly** — call inside a `.produce()` callback.
+ * Validates before applying; returns result indicating success.
+ */
+export function rotateItem(
+    inventory: GridInventory,
+    itemId: string,
+    degrees: number
+): { success: true } | { success: false; reason: string } {
+    const item = inventory.items.get(itemId);
+    if (!item) {
+        return { success: false, reason: '物品不存在' };
+    }
+
+    const rotatedTransform = rotateTransform(item.transform, degrees);
+    return moveItem(inventory, itemId, rotatedTransform);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Flips an item horizontally or vertically.
+ * **Mutates directly** — call inside a `.produce()` callback.
+ * Validates before applying; returns result indicating success.
+ */
+export function flipItem(
+    inventory: GridInventory,
+    itemId: string,
+    axis: 'x' | 'y'
+): { success: true } | { success: false; reason: string } {
+    const item = inventory.items.get(itemId);
+    if (!item) {
+        return { success: false, reason: '物品不存在' };
+    }
+
+    const flippedTransform = axis === 'x'
+        ? flipXTransform(item.transform)
+        : flipYTransform(item.transform);
+
+    return moveItem(inventory, itemId, flippedTransform);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a copy of the occupied cells set.
+ */
+export function getOccupiedCellSet(inventory: GridInventory): Set<string> {
+    return new Set(inventory.occupiedCells);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds the item occupying the given cell, if any.
+ */
+export function getItemAtCell(
+    inventory: GridInventory,
+    x: number,
+    y: number
+): InventoryItem | undefined {
+    const cellKey = `${x},${y}`;
+    if (!inventory.occupiedCells.has(cellKey)) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+
+    for (const item of inventory.items.values()) {
+        const cells = getShapeCellKeys(item.shape, item.transform);
+        if (cells.has(cellKey)) {
+            return item;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets all items adjacent to the given item (orthogonally, not diagonally).
+ * Returns a Map of itemId -> item for deduplication.
+ */
+export function getAdjacentItems(
+    inventory: GridInventory,
+    itemId: string
+): Map<string, InventoryItem> {
+    const item = inventory.items.get(itemId);
+    if (!item) {
+        return new Map();
+    }
+
+    const ownCells = getShapeCellKeys(item.shape, item.transform);
+    const adjacent = new Map<string, InventoryItem>();
+
+    for (const cellKey of ownCells) {
+        const [cx, cy] = cellKey.split(',').map(Number);
+        const neighbors = [
+            `${cx + 1},${cy}`,
+            `${cx - 1},${cy}`,
+            `${cx},${cy + 1}`,
+            `${cx},${cy - 1}`,
+        ];
+
+        for (const neighborKey of neighbors) {
+            if (inventory.occupiedCells.has(neighborKey) && !ownCells.has(neighborKey)) {
+                const neighborItem = getItemAtCell(inventory, ...neighborKey.split(',').map(Number) as [number, number]);
+                if (neighborItem) {
+                    adjacent.set(neighborItem.id, neighborItem);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return adjacent;
+}
diff --git a/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory/types.ts b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff0866a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import type { ParsedShape } from '../utils/parse-shape';
+import type { Transform2D } from '../utils/shape-collision';
+
+/**
+ * Simple 2D coordinate for grid cells.
+ */
+export interface CellCoordinate {
+    x: number;
+    y: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An item placed on the grid inventory.
+ */
+export interface InventoryItem {
+    /** Unique item identifier */
+    id: string;
+    /** Reference to the item's shape definition */
+    shape: ParsedShape;
+    /** Current transformation (position, rotation, flips) */
+    transform: Transform2D;
+    /** Optional metadata for game-specific data */
+    meta?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Result of a placement validation check.
+ */
+export type PlacementResult = { valid: true } | { valid: false; reason: string };
+
+/**
+ * Grid inventory state.
+ * Designed to be mutated directly inside a `mutative .produce()` callback.
+ */
+export interface GridInventory {
+    /** Board width in cells */
+    width: number;
+    /** Board height in cells */
+    height: number;
+    /** Map of itemId -> InventoryItem for all placed items */
+    items: Map<string, InventoryItem>;
+    /** Set of occupied cells in "x,y" format for O(1) collision lookups */
+    occupiedCells: Set<string>;
+}
diff --git a/tests/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory.test.ts b/tests/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2600ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { parseShapeString } from '@/samples/slay-the-spire-like/utils/parse-shape';
+import { IDENTITY_TRANSFORM } from '@/samples/slay-the-spire-like/utils/shape-collision';
+import {
+    createGridInventory,
+    placeItem,
+    removeItem,
+    moveItem,
+    rotateItem,
+    flipItem,
+    getOccupiedCellSet,
+    getItemAtCell,
+    getAdjacentItems,
+    validatePlacement,
+    type GridInventory,
+    type InventoryItem,
+} from '@/samples/slay-the-spire-like/grid-inventory';
+
+/**
+ * Helper: create a test inventory item.
+ */
+function createTestItem(id: string, shapeStr: string, transform = IDENTITY_TRANSFORM): InventoryItem {
+    const shape = parseShapeString(shapeStr);
+    return {
+        id,
+        shape,
+        transform: { ...transform },
+    };
+}
+
+describe('grid-inventory', () => {
+    describe('createGridInventory', () => {
+        it('should create an empty inventory with correct dimensions', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            expect(inv.width).toBe(6);
+            expect(inv.height).toBe(4);
+            expect(inv.items.size).toBe(0);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.size).toBe(0);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('placeItem', () => {
+        it('should place a single-cell item', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('sword', 'o');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            expect(inv.items.size).toBe(1);
+            expect(inv.items.has('sword')).toBe(true);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('0,0')).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        it('should place a multi-cell item', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('axe', 'oee');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            expect(inv.items.size).toBe(1);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.size).toBe(3);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('0,0')).toBe(true);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('1,0')).toBe(true);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('2,0')).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        it('should place multiple items', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const itemA = createTestItem('a', 'o');
+            const itemB = createTestItem('b', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 3, y: 0 } });
+            placeItem(inv, itemA);
+            placeItem(inv, itemB);
+
+            expect(inv.items.size).toBe(2);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.size).toBe(2);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('0,0')).toBe(true);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('3,0')).toBe(true);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('removeItem', () => {
+        it('should remove an item and free its cells', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('sword', 'oee');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            removeItem(inv, 'sword');
+
+            expect(inv.items.size).toBe(0);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.size).toBe(0);
+        });
+
+        it('should only free the removed item\'s cells', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const itemA = createTestItem('a', 'o');
+            const itemB = createTestItem('b', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 2, y: 0 } });
+            placeItem(inv, itemA);
+            placeItem(inv, itemB);
+
+            removeItem(inv, 'a');
+
+            expect(inv.items.size).toBe(1);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.size).toBe(1);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('0,0')).toBe(false);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('2,0')).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        it('should do nothing for non-existent item', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            removeItem(inv, 'nonexistent');
+            expect(inv.items.size).toBe(0);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('validatePlacement', () => {
+        it('should return valid for empty board', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const shape = parseShapeString('o');
+            const result = validatePlacement(inv, shape, IDENTITY_TRANSFORM);
+            expect(result).toEqual({ valid: true });
+        });
+
+        it('should return invalid for out of bounds', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const shape = parseShapeString('o');
+            const result = validatePlacement(inv, shape, {
+                ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM,
+                offset: { x: 6, y: 0 },
+            });
+            expect(result).toEqual({ valid: false, reason: '超出边界' });
+        });
+
+        it('should return invalid for collision with existing item', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const existing = createTestItem('a', 'oee');
+            placeItem(inv, existing);
+
+            const shape = parseShapeString('o');
+            const result = validatePlacement(inv, shape, IDENTITY_TRANSFORM);
+            expect(result).toEqual({ valid: false, reason: '与已有物品重叠' });
+        });
+
+        it('should return valid when there is room nearby', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const existing = createTestItem('a', 'o');
+            placeItem(inv, existing);
+
+            const shape = parseShapeString('o');
+            const result = validatePlacement(inv, shape, {
+                ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM,
+                offset: { x: 1, y: 0 },
+            });
+            expect(result).toEqual({ valid: true });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('moveItem', () => {
+        it('should move item to a new position', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('sword', 'o');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const result = moveItem(inv, 'sword', {
+                ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM,
+                offset: { x: 5, y: 3 },
+            });
+
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('0,0')).toBe(false);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('5,3')).toBe(true);
+            expect(item.transform.offset).toEqual({ x: 5, y: 3 });
+        });
+
+        it('should reject move that goes out of bounds', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('sword', 'o');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const result = moveItem(inv, 'sword', {
+                ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM,
+                offset: { x: 6, y: 0 },
+            });
+
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: false, reason: '超出边界' });
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('0,0')).toBe(true);
+            expect(item.transform.offset).toEqual({ x: 0, y: 0 });
+        });
+
+        it('should reject move that collides with another item', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const itemA = createTestItem('a', 'o');
+            const itemB = createTestItem('b', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 2, y: 0 } });
+            placeItem(inv, itemA);
+            placeItem(inv, itemB);
+
+            const result = moveItem(inv, 'b', {
+                ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM,
+                offset: { x: 0, y: 0 },
+            });
+
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: false, reason: '与已有物品重叠' });
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('2,0')).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        it('should return error for non-existent item', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const result = moveItem(inv, 'ghost', IDENTITY_TRANSFORM);
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: false, reason: '物品不存在' });
+        });
+
+        it('should move multi-cell item correctly', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            // oes: cells at (0,0), (1,0), (1,1)
+            const item = createTestItem('axe', 'oes');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const newTransform = { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 3, y: 1 } };
+            moveItem(inv, 'axe', newTransform);
+
+            // Old cells should be freed
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('0,0')).toBe(false);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('1,0')).toBe(false);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('1,1')).toBe(false);
+            // New cells: (0,0)+offset(3,1)=(3,1), (1,0)+(3,1)=(4,1), (1,1)+(3,1)=(4,2)
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('3,1')).toBe(true);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('4,1')).toBe(true);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.has('4,2')).toBe(true);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('rotateItem', () => {
+        it('should rotate item by 90 degrees', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            // Horizontal line: (0,0), (1,0)
+            const item = createTestItem('bar', 'oe', {
+                ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM,
+                offset: { x: 0, y: 1 }, // Place away from edge so rotation stays in bounds
+            });
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const result = rotateItem(inv, 'bar', 90);
+
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+            expect(item.transform.rotation).toBe(90);
+        });
+
+        it('should reject rotation that goes out of bounds', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(3, 3);
+            // Item at the edge: place a 2-wide item at x=1
+            const item = createTestItem('bar', 'oe', {
+                ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM,
+                offset: { x: 1, y: 0 },
+            });
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            // Rotating 90° would make it vertical starting at (1,0), going to (1,-1) -> out of bounds
+            const result = rotateItem(inv, 'bar', 90);
+
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: false, reason: '超出边界' });
+        });
+
+        it('should reject rotation that collides', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(4, 4);
+            const itemA = createTestItem('a', 'o');
+            const itemB = createTestItem('b', 'oe', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 2, y: 0 } });
+            placeItem(inv, itemA);
+            placeItem(inv, itemB);
+
+            // Rotating b 90° would place cells at (2,0) and (2,-1) -> (2,-1) is out of bounds
+            // Let's try a different scenario: rotate b 270° -> (2,0) and (2,1) which is fine
+            // But rotating to collide with a at (0,0)... need item close to a
+            const itemC = createTestItem('c', 'os', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 1, y: 0 } });
+            placeItem(inv, itemC);
+
+            // Rotating c 90° would give cells at (1,0) and (0,0) -> collision with a
+            const result = rotateItem(inv, 'c', 90);
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: false, reason: '与已有物品重叠' });
+        });
+
+        it('should return error for non-existent item', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const result = rotateItem(inv, 'ghost', 90);
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: false, reason: '物品不存在' });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('flipItem', () => {
+        it('should flip item horizontally', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('bar', 'oe');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const result = flipItem(inv, 'bar', 'x');
+
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+            expect(item.transform.flipX).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        it('should flip item vertically', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('bar', 'os');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const result = flipItem(inv, 'bar', 'y');
+
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: true });
+            expect(item.transform.flipY).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        it('should reject flip that causes collision', () => {
+            // oes local cells: (0,0),(1,0),(1,1). flipY: (0,1),(1,1),(1,0).
+            // Place flipper at offset (0,2): world cells (0,2),(1,2),(1,3).
+            // flipY gives local (0,1),(1,1),(1,0) + offset(0,2) = (0,3),(1,3),(1,2) — same cells rearranged.
+            // Need asymmetric shape where flip changes world position.
+            // Use oes at offset (0,0): cells (0,0),(1,0),(1,1). flipY: (0,1),(1,1),(1,0).
+            // Place blocker at (0,1) — which is NOT occupied by oes initially.
+            const inv = createGridInventory(4, 4);
+            const blocker = createTestItem('blocker', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 0, y: 1 } });
+            // oes at (0,1): cells (0,1),(1,1),(1,2). This overlaps blocker at (0,1)! 
+            // Let me try: blocker at (1,0), flipper at offset (0,2).
+            // flipper oes at (0,2): (0,2),(1,2),(1,3). blocker at (1,0) — no overlap.
+            // flipY: local (0,1),(1,1),(1,0) + offset(0,2) = (0,3),(1,3),(1,2). No collision with (1,0).
+            // 
+            // Simpler: oe shape (width=2, height=1). flipY with height=1 is identity. Use os (width=1, height=2).
+            // os: (0,0),(0,1). flipY: (0,1),(0,0) — same cells.
+            // Need width>1 and height>1 asymmetric shape: oes
+            // 
+            // Place flipper at (0,0): cells (0,0),(1,0),(1,1). Place blocker at (0,1) — but (0,1) is not occupied.
+            // flipY: (0,1),(1,1),(1,0). (0,1) hits blocker!
+            const inv2 = createGridInventory(4, 4);
+            const blocker2 = createTestItem('blocker', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 0, y: 1 } });
+            const flipper2 = createTestItem('flipper', 'oes'); // at (0,0): (0,0),(1,0),(1,1)
+            placeItem(inv2, blocker2);
+            placeItem(inv2, flipper2);
+
+            const result = flipItem(inv2, 'flipper', 'y');
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: false, reason: '与已有物品重叠' });
+        });
+
+        it('should return error for non-existent item', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const result = flipItem(inv, 'ghost', 'x');
+            expect(result).toEqual({ success: false, reason: '物品不存在' });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('getOccupiedCellSet', () => {
+        it('should return a copy of occupied cells', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('a', 'oe');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const cells = getOccupiedCellSet(inv);
+            expect(cells).toEqual(new Set(['0,0', '1,0']));
+
+            // Mutating the copy should not affect the original
+            cells.clear();
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.size).toBe(2);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('getItemAtCell', () => {
+        it('should return item at occupied cell', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('sword', 'oee');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const found = getItemAtCell(inv, 1, 0);
+            expect(found).toBeDefined();
+            expect(found!.id).toBe('sword');
+        });
+
+        it('should return undefined for empty cell', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('sword', 'o');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const found = getItemAtCell(inv, 5, 5);
+            expect(found).toBeUndefined();
+        });
+
+        it('should return correct item when multiple items exist', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const itemA = createTestItem('a', 'o');
+            const itemB = createTestItem('b', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 3, y: 2 } });
+            placeItem(inv, itemA);
+            placeItem(inv, itemB);
+
+            expect(getItemAtCell(inv, 0, 0)!.id).toBe('a');
+            expect(getItemAtCell(inv, 3, 2)!.id).toBe('b');
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('getAdjacentItems', () => {
+        it('should return orthogonally adjacent items', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const center = createTestItem('center', 'o', {
+                ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM,
+                offset: { x: 2, y: 2 },
+            });
+            const top = createTestItem('top', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 2, y: 1 } });
+            const left = createTestItem('left', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 1, y: 2 } });
+            const right = createTestItem('right', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 3, y: 2 } });
+            const bottom = createTestItem('bottom', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 2, y: 3 } });
+            const diagonal = createTestItem('diagonal', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 1, y: 1 } });
+
+            placeItem(inv, center);
+            placeItem(inv, top);
+            placeItem(inv, left);
+            placeItem(inv, right);
+            placeItem(inv, bottom);
+            placeItem(inv, diagonal);
+
+            const adj = getAdjacentItems(inv, 'center');
+            expect(adj.size).toBe(4);
+            expect(adj.has('top')).toBe(true);
+            expect(adj.has('left')).toBe(true);
+            expect(adj.has('right')).toBe(true);
+            expect(adj.has('bottom')).toBe(true);
+            expect(adj.has('diagonal')).toBe(false);
+        });
+
+        it('should return empty for item with no neighbors', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const item = createTestItem('alone', 'o');
+            placeItem(inv, item);
+
+            const adj = getAdjacentItems(inv, 'alone');
+            expect(adj.size).toBe(0);
+        });
+
+        it('should return empty for non-existent item', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            const adj = getAdjacentItems(inv, 'ghost');
+            expect(adj.size).toBe(0);
+        });
+
+        it('should handle multi-cell items with multiple adjacencies', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(6, 4);
+            // Horizontal bar at (0,0)-(1,0)
+            const bar = createTestItem('bar', 'oe');
+            // Item above left cell
+            const topA = createTestItem('topA', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 0, y: -1 } });
+            // Item above right cell
+            const topB = createTestItem('topB', 'o', { ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, offset: { x: 1, y: -1 } });
+
+            placeItem(inv, bar);
+            placeItem(inv, topA);
+            placeItem(inv, topB);
+
+            const adj = getAdjacentItems(inv, 'bar');
+            expect(adj.size).toBe(2);
+            expect(adj.has('topA')).toBe(true);
+            expect(adj.has('topB')).toBe(true);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('integration: fill a 4x6 backpack', () => {
+        it('should place items fitting a slay-the-spire-like backpack', () => {
+            const inv = createGridInventory(4, 6);
+
+            // Sword: 1x3 horizontal at (0,0)
+            const sword = createTestItem('sword', 'oee');
+            // Shield: 2x2 at (0,1)
+            const shield = createTestItem('shield', 'oes', {
+                ...IDENTITY_TRANSFORM,
+                offset: { x: 0, y: 1 },
+            });
+
+            expect(validatePlacement(inv, sword.shape, sword.transform)).toEqual({ valid: true });
+            placeItem(inv, sword);
+
+            expect(validatePlacement(inv, shield.shape, shield.transform)).toEqual({ valid: true });
+            placeItem(inv, shield);
+
+            expect(inv.items.size).toBe(2);
+            expect(inv.occupiedCells.size).toBe(6); // sword(3) + shield(3)
+
+            // Adjacent items should detect each other
+            const adjSword = getAdjacentItems(inv, 'sword');
+            expect(adjSword.has('shield')).toBe(true);
+
+            const adjShield = getAdjacentItems(inv, 'shield');
+            expect(adjShield.has('sword')).toBe(true);
+        });
+    });
+});